The Pulpit Commentary on Exodus 23:32

The Pulpit Commentary · Joseph S. Exell and contributors · Public domain

Thou shalt make no covenant with them. See below, Exodus 34:12-15. According to the forms usual at the time, a treaty of peace would have contained an acknowledgment of the gods of either nation, and words in honour of them.

This would have been equivalent to "making a covenant with their gods."

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